History of Pakistan and Relationship with Korea

History of Pakistan and Relationship with Korea 

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Its official name is Islamic Republic of Pakistan, located in the northwest of India, with a coastline length of 1,046 km. The area is 790,095 km2, the population is 187,908,5847 (as of 2015), and the capital is Islamabad.

The ethnic groups are 66% Punjabi and 13% Sindhi. In addition to Urdu, the official language, English is widely spoken, and Punjabi, Sindhi, and Pushit are used. Religions are 95% Muslim, 3% Christian, and 1% Hindu.

The industry is an agricultural country that mainly produces rice, wheat, and cotton. After independence, it focused on industrialization, and has achieved great growth in the light industry, such as textile, fertilizer, cement, and food processing industries, but the population still engaged in agriculture is overwhelming. .

As of 2015, the gross national product was $288 billion and the per capita national income was $1,513.

The identity of the country is the republican, which is a compromise between the presidential center system and the parliamentary system, and the parliamentary system consists of a six-year Senate (100 seats) and a five-year House of Representatives (342 seats). The main political parties are the People's Party of Pakistan (PPP), the Pakistani Muslim Federation Party (PML-N), and the Mohammad National Movement.

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Under the British colonial rule, the independence movement of India led Muslims to fear the domination of Hindu culture after independence and began to put into practice the practice of separation and independence of Islamic states from the early 1930s. According to Jinnah (MA), Pakistan's separate independent policy, on August 14, 1947, it became independent from the United Kingdom to Pakistan.

After the independence, civil affairs continued after political instability, and in October 1958, after the establishment of a military regime by General Khan (A.), the prosecution and anti-government protests continued since the Indian-Pakistani war of 1965. The regime was handed over to the army's chief of staff, General Khan, Y. Mon.

He held a general election in December 1970, but as a result, the separation of East and West Pakistan resulted in the victory of the People's Party led by Bhutto (ZA), and the party led by Raman (M.) to East Pakistan. With this victory, negotiations over the formation of a coalition government between the leaders of East and West Pakistan were broken.

As a result, the 3rd India-Pakistan War broke out in December 1971, as the West Pakistani forces fled to East Pakistan and India intervened in East Pakistan. Became independent.

On the other hand, the Bhutto regime enacted the Constitution in April 1973 and pursued socialist routes such as nationalization of major industries, management participation of workers, and land reform, but the economy did not improve due to enormous warfare and aggravation of the labor movement. Afterwards, he won the general election in March 1977, but was dismissed as a coup in July 1977 amid severe political unrest due to the opposition's election result and a declaration of dissatisfaction and Bhutto's new request.

General Giaru Hak, who took power in the regime as president in 1977, suppressed political turmoil at the end of the former regime by martial law, and in 1979 a large amount of military and economic aid from the United States by using the Soviet Union's invasion of neighboring Afghanistan. And recorded a record of achieving economic growth of 6% a year by riding on the oil crisis.

However, the eighth revision of the Constitution between private transfers in 1985 was based on the 1973 Constitution, which made the federal government represented by the prime minister the executive power, and changed the constitution into a presidential system. This constitution, which functioned well when President Hak served as Army Chief of Staff, was invited by President Hak Khan in August 1988, President Ishak Khan elected in December 1988, and general election in December 1988. It acted as the cause of fainting among the female prime minister, Benazir Bhutto.

In August 1989, the forces surrounding the top military personnel surfaced on August 6, 1990, resulting in the dismissal of Prime Minister Bhutto by Khan. President Khan disbanded the National Assembly immediately after the dismissal of Prime Minister Bhutto, and the election of the House of Representatives was held in October 1990, where the Conservative Alliance of Islamic Democrats (IDA) won.

Prime Minister Sharif, the governor of the Islamic Democratic Alliance, achieved an economic restructuring by announcing active industrial policies aimed at fostering industry, promoting teaching, and promoting industrialization. However, in April 1992, President Khan dismissed Prime Minister Sharif, and in response, Prime Minister Sharif also filed an unconstitutional complaint with the Supreme Court. In May 1993, Prime Minister Sharif reinstated, but with military intervention, President Khan and Sharif resigned simultaneously.

In October 1993, elections were held for the House of Representatives and the local council, and Benazir Bhutto won the general election and launched a cabinet. In November 1993, President Farooq (AK Leghari) took office, and in 1998 President Mohammad Rafiq Tarar took office.In March 2008

Relationship with Korea

Korea agreed to establish a consulate in Pakistan in January 1968, and then established a consulate in Islamabad in April, and a Karachi branch in August 1969. Pakistan established the Consulate General in Seoul in June 1980. Since then, Korea has officially established diplomatic relations on November 7, 1983, and in 2007, it has opened the Sangju Mission.

The two countries signed a trade agreement in October 1983, a shipping agreement in March 1984, a visa exemption agreement in May 1985, an agreement on economic and technological science cooperation and trade promotion, and an anti-taxation agreement in April 1987, 1988 In May, they signed an investment security agreement, an airline agreement in July 1996, an economic cooperation promotion agreement in March 1997, an information and communications cooperation agreement, and an energy and mineral resource cooperation agreement in November 2003.

Since 1980, Korea has provided free assistance of 200,000 to 250,000 dollars. Since 1979, it has strengthened economic cooperation by establishing a fishery cooperation and a sewing joint venture in 1982. In Pakistan, the Far-Korean Friendship Association is in Islamabad and Karachi.

As of 2015, Korea's exports to Pakistan amounted to 770 million dollars, with major items being steel, synthetic resins, agricultural chemicals, machinery, etc., and imports being $400 million, with major items being natural fiber yarns, cotton fabrics, and leather.

46 Pakistani athletes participated in the 24th Seoul Olympics, and as of 2015, various companies such as Samsung, Daewoo, Samyang, Sei Fisheries, and Inseong Trade have entered the market, and there are about 800 Korean residents.

Meanwhile, North Korea established diplomatic relations on November 19, 1972, and as of 2007, the Sangju Mission Hall was opened.

Since the two sides signed the Barter Trade Agreement in January 1969, the February 1971 agreement on reporting, the Cultural Agreement in June 1973, the Aviation Agreement in May 1974, the Economic and Science and Technology Culture Cooperation Agreement in October 1982, February 1983 Joint Venture and Technology Cooperation Agreement, August 1987 Mail Exchange Agreement, May 1989 Cooperation Agreement between the Fine People's Party and the North Korean Labor Party, May 1991 Congressional Exchange Agreement, June 1992 Public Broadcasting Agreement, 1998 In July, the Maritime Cooperation Agreement was signed, and in March 2000, the Cultural Exchange Agreement was exchanged, and in November 2007, the Memorandum of Understanding on Kashmir State Hydropower Cooperation was exchanged.

North Korea's exports to Pakistan amounted to $1472 million as of 2007, with major items being plastic, steel products, and machinery, and imports amounting to $1,067,000, mainly wool, cotton, and leather., current Asif Ali Zardari took office in September 2008 to represent the country, under which Prime Minister Gilani took office in March 2008 to lead the Cabinet.

Externally, it takes a neutral position, joined the United Nations in 1947 and a non-alliance conference in 1979. It aims to realize the founding ideology by advocating Islamic politics in all areas such as politics, economy, society, and culture, and by showing it internally and externally, it induces public support for the public and internally as an Islamic leadership. It is used to enhance the image.